Important cooking measurements, substitutions, and metrics that
Cooks Need to Know . . .
| Your reference for Substitutions, Equivalent Measurements, and metric conversions for weight, volume and oven temperatures. |
Handy Substitutions
| If you Need . . . | You Can Use |
| 1 cup self-rising flour | 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| 1 cup cake flour | 1 cup sifted all-purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons |
| 1 cup all-purpose flour | 1 cup cake flour plus 2 tablespoons |
| 1 teaspoon baking powder | 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar plus 1/4 teaspoon baking soda |
| 1 teaspoon cornstarch or arrowroot | 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour |
| 1 tablespoon tapioca | 1-1/2 tablespoons all-purpose flour |
| 2 large eggs | 3 small eggs |
| 1 egg | 2 egg yolks (for custard) |
| 1 egg | 2 egg yolks plus 1 tablespoon water (for cookies) |
| 1 cup sour cream | 1 tablespoon lemon juice plus evaporated milk to equal 1 cup |
| 1 cup yogurt | 1 cup buttermilk or sour milk |
| 1 cup buttermilk or sour milk | 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice plus sweet milk to equal 1 cup |
| 1 cup fresh milk | 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water |
| 1 cup fresh milk | 3 to 5 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder in 1 cup water |
| 1 cup honey | 1-1/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup water |
| 1 (1-ounce) square unsweetened chocolate | 3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1 tablespoon butter or margarine |
| 1 tablespoon chopped fresh herbs | 1 teaspoon dried herbs or 1/4 teaspoon powdered herbs |
| 1 teaspoon dry mustard | 1 tablespoon prepared mustard |
| 1 small clove of garlic | 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder |
| 1 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, 1/8 teaspoon allspice, 1/8 teaspoon nutmeg |
| 1 teaspoon apple pie spice | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, 1/8 teaspoon cardamom |
| 1 teaspoon allspice | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves |
| 2 cups cooked macaroni | 1 cup uncooked macaroni |
| 3 cups cooked rice | 1 cup uncooked rice |
Equivalent Measurements
| This . . . | Equals This |
| 3 teaspoons | 1 tablespoon |
| 4 tablespoons | 1/4 cup |
| 5-1/3 tablespoons | 1/3 cup |
| 8 tablespoons | 1/2 cup |
| 16 tablespoons | 1 cup |
| 2 tablespoons (liquid) | 1 ounce |
| 1 cup | 8 fluid ounces |
| 2 cups | 1 pint (16 fluid ounces) |
| 4 cups | 1 quart |
| 4 quarts | 1 gallon |
| 1/8 cup | 2 tablespoons |
| 1/3 cup | 5 tablespoons plus 1 teaspoon |
| 2/3 cup | 10 tablespoons plus 2 teaspoons |
| 3/4 cup | 12 tablespoons |
| 1 pound butter or margarine | 2 cups butter or margarine |
| 1 stick butter or margarine | 1/2 cup butter or margarine |
| 1-pound box confectioners sugar | 3-3/4 cups confectioners sugar |
Weight Measurements
| Standard U.S. | Ounces | Metric |
| 1 ounce | 1 | 30 grams |
| 1/4 pound | 4 | 125 grams |
| 1/2 pound | 8 | 250 grams |
| 1 pound | 16 | 500 grams |
| 1-1/2 pounds | 24 | 750 grams |
| 2 pounds | 32 | 1 kilogram (kg) |
| 2-1/2 pounds | 40 | 1.25 kilograms |
| 3 pounds | 48 | 1.5 kilograms |
Volume Measurements
| Standard U.S. | Ounces | Metric |
| 1 tablespoon | 1/2 | 15 milliliters |
| 2 tablespoons | 1 | 30 milliliters |
| 3 tablespoons | 1/1/2 | 45 milliliters |
| 1/4 cup | 2 | 60 milliliters |
| 6 tablespoons | 3 | 90 milliliters |
| 1/2 cup | 4 | 125 milliliters |
| 1 cup | 8 | 250 milliliters |
| 1 pint (2 cups) | 16 | 500 milliliters |
| 4 cups (1 quart) | 32 | 1 liter |
Oven Temperature Conversions – Fahrenheit to Celsius
| Fahrenheit | Celsius |
| 300 | 150 |
| 325 | 165 |
| 350 | 180 |
| 375 | 190 |
| 400 | 200 |
| 425 | 220 |
| 450 | 230 |
